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－　　－45Published PaperThe Lower Classes in the Modern City:Employment Agencies in Tokyo and the People Around ThemYuichi MACHIDAIn Japan, rural residents gathered in the newly modernized Tokyo from the Meiji to Taisho eras. Although they tried to find better jobs with the help of employment agencies located close to where they lived, most people with fewer skills could only work as day laborers or domestic servants. This book systematically examines the establishment and devl-opment of both national and local governmental programs, including from employment agencies originally established in the Edo era to charity by religious groups and public employment agencies derived from Western Europe. Finally, this book discusses the details as to why the lower strata of Japanese society expanded.Keywords: urban history, lower strata of society, employment agency, The Salvation Army近代都市の下層社会 ―東京の職業紹介所をめぐる人々―　明治から大正にかけて、近代化の進む東京には全国から人が集まってきた。彼らは住居近くの職業紹介所を利用してより良い仕事を探すが、技術を持たない人々が就けるのは、ほとんどが日雇労働や女中などだった。江戸時代の流れを組む口入屋から、宗教団体による慈善事業、西欧を手本とした公立の紹介所まで、各事業の成立と展開、国や自治体の政策などを体系的に検討し、下層社会が拡大した経緯を追う。キーワード：都市史，下層社会，職業紹介所，救世軍Bibliographic Information（書誌情報）Machida, Yuichi: The Lower Classes in the Modern City: The Employment Agencies in Tokyo and the People Around Them, Hosei University Press, 2016.