所報 104

17/38

－　　－15Published PaperThe Relation of Hmong Dwelling to Its Surrounding Natural Topography at Keo Patu Village in Northern Laos (LPD) Exploring spatial schema that generates structure of the village of the Hmong, an ethnic group originated in mountain areasKenichi SHINOZAKI, Haruyuki FUJII, Nanako KATAOKA, Takanori ISHII and Yuta TAKAHASHIThis paper aims to reveal the spatial recognition of the Hmong through discussing the relation of 1) the main axis of Hmong dwellings which is composed of the ancestral alter and the main door located in front of it, with 2) the correlation of the dwelling to its surrounding geographical features and to the natural topography in relation with the mountains which surround the village. The Hmong is an ethnic group who believe in a variety of natural, ancestral, and supernatural spirits which live in and animate all things. Whose homelands are in the mountain areas of northern Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. And who has no tradition of written language. Through understanding previous studies in terms of spatial structure of their dwellings and villages made by R. Cooper and Hata, et al., the authors derive two important components that will generate Hmong's spatial recognition, 1) The main axis is an important spatial element to locate the dwelling in its environment. 2) The correlation between the dwelling and the topography is surveyed both in microscopic and macroscopic comprehension of its geographical features. The rule ‘the ancestral alter upward and the main door downward’ is a fundamental spatial notion of the Hmong, which can be shared by an ordinary boy. The survey tries to reveal how this rule applies to their recognition. The geographical features of the village Keo Patu differs from those of the previous studies. The village is in a flatland surrounded by mountains and the spatial structure of the village is based on circler patterns. If the Hmong is divided into variants as is said in previous study, the exploration in the field Keo Patu is worthwhile. Through the investigation of all 81 dwellings in the village, the main axis is identified for 75 dwellings, by means of recognizing the ancestral alter or the red cloth above the lintel of the main door, or of the resident's explanation. 57 dwellings are located in the geographical features according to the rule ‘the ancestral alter upward and the main door downward’ (in microscopic comprehension). On the other hand, 67 dwellings are located in the natural topography in relation with the mountains (in macroscopic comprehension). As a result, it became clear that the Hmong's spatial notion ‘the ancestral alter upward, and the main door downward’ is preserved in two ways. One is as A) an simple order to generate the traditional spatial structure of Hmong villages situated on a mountain slope, and the other is in B) a resilient structure to keep the frame of the recognition by involving both conceptual understanding of natural topography in relation with the mountains and practical use of land surrounding their dwellings.Keywords: The Hmong, Dwellings, Ancestral alter, Main door, Axis, Spatial Recognitionラオス北部ゲオパトゥ村のモンの住居と地形の関係（山岳少数民族モンの集落空間構成の基本となる空間図式の探究）　本研究は, 山岳少数民族であるモンの信仰にもとづく空間構成原理を探究し, 彼らの住居や集落空間を構成する空間認識の基本的枠組みを理解することを目的としている. 筆者らは空間の認識を方向づける心的な構造を空間図式と呼び，これを探究している．モンの住居や集落空間は, この心的な構造によって方向づけられた認識に基づいて構成されると考え，これをラオス北部山岳地帯のモンの集落ゲオパトゥにおいて，臨地実地調査に基づいて探究する．研究の発端は，彼らの口承文化と，自然と一体となった生活，住居と集落空間の簡潔な存在の仕方を可能にするモンの空間概念への関心と，既往研究の明らかにするモンの集落空間構成秩序が，ゲオパトゥの空間構成にはそのまま当てはまらないことへの疑問にある．　数次の臨地悉皆調査を経て明らかになったのは，ゲオパトゥにおける住居と集落空間の構成の仕組みは，１）集落の輪郭の山の斜面およびその直近では，伝統的なモンの住居と集落空間の構成秩序「住居は，同じ山を背にし，斜面にスカ（信仰の札）を上コッチョンタ（住居の主扉）を下にして建ち，住居は，等高線の法線方向にスカ・コッチョンタ軸を向け同方向に並んで建つ」が成立する，一方，２）集落内部では，一見そのような伝統的実体的な空間秩序はないように見えるが，地形の微視的解釈（住居近傍の地形）と巨視的解釈（住居と山の関係）に基づいて，生活の実用的要求（集落道との関係など）も取り込み，総体としてモンの伝統的な空間認識であるスカ・シャペ, コッチョンタ・シャンダー（スカが上でコッチョンタが下）が保持されるという，抽象的でもる柔軟な空間の認識構造があると考えられるということである．キーワード：空間図式，モン，住居, スカ, コッチョンタ, 軸，空間認識Journal（掲載誌）Transactions of AIJ. Journal of Architecture and Planning. Vol. 82, No. 741, pp. 2827-2836, 2017. 11.