Finally, in June 2014, the revised Construction Business Act was promulgated, and it was decided that the demolition business would become an independent licensed business. Even from a perspective of a third party, as a researcher, this is very pleasant to hear. The demolition work category was set up as the 29th industry (27th as a specialized industry) as a whole, separated from the previous categorized businesses (civil engineering/construction work) (See Fig. 1). It is a specialized industry that deals only with demolition work and the demolition work that is carried out in the general plan of civil engineering and construction is handled by each “set work” category. It was necessary to obtain a permit to carry out demolition work of 5 million yen (47,000 USD) or more per case.Soon after, the demolition work license came into effect in June 2016, where construction companies that carried out demolition work with the permit of “civil engineering/construction work businesses” and “concrete work” prior to the enforcement date could carry on demolition work until May of 2019 without the permission of the newly recognized demolition business. During this time, the license registration for demolition business was promoted.Along with the establishment of the demolition business, comes a necessity to establish a qualification system that certifies the skills and knowledge required for engineers assigned to the demolition work: (1) Expertise and technical knowledge of demolition method (2) safety management and construction management capabilities (3) knowledge of environmental issues (4) knowledge regarding construction waste management (5) knowledge of related laws and regulations (6) perspective of management ability (site management). These necessities were assessed and technical requirements/qualifications were announced in June of 2016. Regarding the engineer’s requirements/qualifications, until March of 2021, it is also considered that the civil engineering/construction work’s engineering technicians (limited to existing workers) are considered to be the demolition work engineers.With this opportunity as an independent licensed business, the demolition industry has raised the hurdle for safety management of demolition work. Although the safety of the “building” side of the structure has been established, the safety of the “demolishing” side is not yet sufficient, and statistically it cannot be easily compared. There are many accidents during demolition work needless to say that demolition work is more complex than new construction work. Accidents include “public accidents” and “work accidents”, but public accidents that cause harm to a third party other than the construction party should never occur.When we investigate further into the cause of the accidents that has occurred during demolition work, most occurred in the “management”. This does not mean that we do not have sufficient technical understanding of the demolition work, but rather a little carelessness and careless mistakes such as the recurring thought of “maybe it will be all right”, lead to a major accident. Currently, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has addressed this as a problem, and is trying to establish a guide for prevention by establishing an industry category for “demolition work”.A management manual has been prepared, and at Japan Demolition Contractors Association, the cause of accidents related to demolition work is being analyzed, and steady efforts are being made to prevent such occurrences. In addition to conducting technical courses for “demolition work construction engineers” (registration qualification based on the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) and demolition work construction technology courses, in 2008, the visual text “Danger-Forecast-Training (KYT) sheet collection of Demolition”2) has also been summarized. This visual text is edited to predict the accidents that may occur and contains illustrated scenes to assess the possible risks in different situations. The reader’s takeaway is to specifically understand the kind of precautions that needs to be taken beforehand from one’s perspective. Personally, this is a very good resource for anyone in the field of demolition work.There are various demolition work methods, but contractors have many kinds of materials and equipment, and demolition businesses that received order determines which demolition work method should be adopted according to the scale, shape, structure and location.With respect to each of the materials and equipment and construction methods, the contractors are also steadily working towards improvement regarding to the technical problems felt during demolition work on a daily basis.In urban areas of Japan, when demolishing high-rise buildings, a hydraulic excavator is often installed on the slab of the top floor, and is called a “top-down method” in which disassembly is performed from the top floor. In order to ─ 22 ─2. Preventing Accidents During Demolition Work3. Technology Development for Demolition Work
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